Global climate change

Climate change is considered as a climate variables, especially temperature and rainfall that occur gradually over a long period to be determined, between 50 to 100 years. Furthermore, it should be clear that the changes caused by humans), anthropogenic (in particular the consumption of fossil fuels and are connected by land.

How to change due to natural factors, such as additional aerosols are created from volcanic eruptions, are not considered in the context of climate change. So that the natural phenomenon of extreme climatic conditions such as cyclones can occur in one year (year to another) and El Niño and La Niña, which may be the case for ten years (the decade) are not in global climate change are classified.

The activity of those persons, the activities that have led to an increase in concentrations in the atmosphere, mainly in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O). The gases then destined to raise the temperature, because it is like glass, short-wave radiation, which is not the warm front, but lasts long wave radiation is the heat. As a result of warming of the atmosphere itself.

The effects of climate change:

Agriculture by reducing food production due to the increase in grain prices, prices, infertility, loss of land caused, will be irrigated, and reduces the effect of nutrition and the spread of pests and diseases.

In some places in the developed countries (high latitudes) increase in CO2 concentration, productivity is increased due to greater assimilation, but in the tropics, that most developing countries, an increase of assimilation were not significant compared with respiration, it has also increased . Basically if an adjustment is not done, the world will experience a decline in food production to 7 percent.

Will remain unchanged at a level of adaptation, namely, the high cost of food production has stabilized. In other words, the stabilization of food production on climate change is very high, the supply of inputs (seeds, fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides) have been added, for example by improving irrigation systems,.

In Indonesia, the scenario of CO2 concentrations will double from the current rice plant increased production to 2.3 per cent of irrigation water can be maintained. But if the irrigation system has not improved in rice crop production drop to 4.4 percent (Matthews et al., 1995).

Higher temperatures can lead to a change in vegetation species and ecosystems. Mountain areas will lose many species of native vegetation and replaced by lowland vegetation types. Together with the condition that the water from the mountains also susceptible to interference. Otherwise, the country's stability in mountain regions is also large and difficult to maintain the original vegetation. This influence is not so clear in the low latitude areas or in the height range. If more and more forest fires in Indonesia are common, it was difficult to associate the event with climate change in combination, since most (if not all) cases of fires caused by human activity and deforestation.

This, together with El Nino events occurred as a result of this phenomenon provides dry weather conditions to facilitate the emergence of fire. But as described above is El Nino phenomenon in nature, with extreme weather events in climate variability, not climate change in the sense described above is connected. Population growth puts pressure on water, particularly in urban areas.

At that time, there are many city dwellers who find it hard, clean water, especially those with low incomes and little education or unskilled. The effects of climate change, changes in temperature and precipitation will cause impacts on the availability of water from surface runoff, groundwater reservoirs, and other forms. During the year 2080 that is inserted between 2 and 3.5 billion people will experience water shortages.